11  References

11.1 Government and Organizational Reports

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2024. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2000. EPA 430-R-24-004.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2023. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-34.

International Maritime Organization. (2020). Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020: Full report and annexes. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Fourth-IMO-Greenhouse-Gas-Study-2020.aspx

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAOSTAT. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.

11.2 Journal Articles

Greer, K., Zeller, D., Woroniak, J., Coulter, A., Winchester, M., Deng Palomares, M.L., and Pauly, D., 2019. Global trends in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fuel combustion in marine fisheries from 1950 to 2016. Marine Policy, 107(103382), pp. 1-9.

Kroodsma, D.A., Mayorga, J., Hochberg, T., Miller, N.A., Boerder, K., Ferretti, F., Wilson, A., Bergman, B., White, T.D., Block, B.A. and Woods, P., 2018. Tracking the global footprint of fisheries. Science, 359(6378), pp.904-908.

Parker, R.W.R., Blanchard, J.L., Gardner, C., Green, B.S., Hartmann, K., Tyedmers, P.H., and Watson, R.A., 2018. Fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of world fisheries. Nature Climate Change, 8, pp. 333–337.

Halpern, B.S., Frazier, M., Verstaen, J., Rayner, P., Clawson, G., Blanchard, J.L., Cottrell, R.S., Froehlich, H.E., Gephart, J.A., Jacobsen, N.S., Kuempel, C.D., McIntyre, P.B., Metain, M., Moran, D., Nash, K.L., Tobben, J., and Williams, D.R., 2022. The environmental footprint of global food production. Nature Sustainability 5, pp. 1027–1039.

Paolo, F.S., Kroodsma, D., Raynor, J., Hochberg, T., Davis, P., Cleary, J., Marsaglia, L., Orofino, S., Thomas, C., and Halpin, P., 2024. Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea. Nature 625, pp. 85–9.

ICES Journal of Marine Science. “Bias in Global Fishing Watch AIS Data Analyses Results in Overestimate of Northeast Atlantic Pelagic Fishing Impact.” Oxford Academic, Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article//82/3/fsaf033/8090016

11.3 Online Sources & Research Tools

Global Fishing Watch (GFW), 2024. What is AIS?. https://globalfishingwatch.org/faqs/what-is-ais/

GFW and Environmental Markets Lab, 2024. Quantifying Ocean-based Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://emlab-ucsb.github.io/ocean-ghg/

Max, L., Parker, R., Tyedmers, P., nd. Seafood Carbon Emissions Tool. http://seafoodco2.dal.ca/

Sea Around Us. “Catch Reconstruction and Allocation Methods.” Sea Around Us. Retrieved from https://www.seaaroundus.org/catch-reconstruction-and-allocation-methods/#_Toc421534360.